Care at pregnancy (ANC4+)†‡ | Complete care at delivery (ANC4 + and SBA)†§ | |||
Bivariate | Multivariate¶ | Bivariate | Multivariate†† | |
OR | aOR (95% CI) | OR | aOR (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–34 | 1.46*** | 1.37*** (1.17 to 1.60) | 1.40*** | 1.18** (1.05 to 1.34) |
>34 | 1.14 | 1.68*** (1.36 to 2.07) | 1.29*** | 1.54*** (1.31 to 1.80) |
Age at first birth | ||||
<20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
20–29 | 1.97*** | 1.27*** (1.12 to 1.44) | 2.13*** | 1.36*** (1.23 to 1.49) |
>29 | 2.23*** | 1.08 (0.81 to 1.44) | 3.12*** | 1.57*** (1.25 to 1.98) |
Level of education | ||||
None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Primary | 3.51*** | 1.81** (1.29 to 2.53) | 2.94*** | 1.55* (1.11 to 2.16) |
Secondary | 7.08*** | 2.33*** (1.65 to 3.29) | 7.30*** | 2.17*** (1.55 to 3.05) |
Higher | 10.73*** | 1.82** (1.22 to 2.71) | 13.34*** | 1.87** (1.29 to 2.70) |
Husband’s level of education | ||||
None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Primary | 2.68*** | 1.69** (1.24 to 2.32) | 2.01*** | 1.36* (1.01 to 1.82) |
Secondary | 4.38*** | 1.63** (1.18 to 2.23) | 4.42*** | 1.60** (1.19 to 2.15) |
Higher | 7.75*** | 1.90** (1.29 to 2.78) | 9.30*** | 2.04*** (1.46 to 2.85) |
Employment status | ||||
Not working | ||||
Not working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Working | 1.15** | 1.19** (1.06 to 1.32) | 1.14** | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.18) |
Husband’s employment status | ||||
Not working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Working | 2.18*** | 1.97** (1.23 to 3.15) | 1.69** | 1.00 (1.10 to 2.53) |
Parity | ||||
5 or more | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3–4 | 2.77*** | 2.13*** (1.76 to 2.57) | 2.52*** | 1.82*** (1.54 to 2.16) |
1–2 | 4.19*** | 3.62*** (2.92 to 4.49) | 3.55*** | 2.61*** (2.17 to 3.14) |
Autonomy in healthcare decision-making | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.25*** | 1.14* (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.20*** | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) |
Mass media consumption | ||||
Not at all | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Any one | 3.03*** | 1.43** (1.15 to 1.78) | 3.01*** | 1.26* (1.03 to 1.53) |
Any two | 4.08*** | 1.55*** (1.23 to 1.96) | 4.35*** | 1.43** (1.16 to 1.75) |
All three | 4.26*** | 1.40** (1.10 to 1.77) | 5.40*** | 1.50*** (1.21 to 1.85) |
Household income | ||||
Q1 (poorest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q2 | 2.09*** | 1.59*** (1.37 to 1.84) | 2.40*** | 1.79*** (1.60 to 2.00) |
Q3 | 2.93*** | 1.95*** (1.65 to 2.31) | 4.06*** | 2.54*** (2.23 to 2.88) |
Q4 | 4.43*** | 2.77*** (2.26 to 3.40) | 6.15*** | 3.30*** (2.83 to 3.83) |
Q5 (richest) | 6.68*** | 4.13*** (3.19 to 5.36) | 10.41*** | 4.66*** (3.85 to 5.64) |
Distance from health facilities | ||||
Unfavourable | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Favourable | 2.14*** | 1.46*** (1.27 to 1.69) | 2.15*** | 1.39*** (1.24 to 1.57) |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 0.50*** | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) | 0.35*** | 0.70*** (0.64 to 0.77) |
*P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
†Binary logistic regression.
‡Had at least four ANC visits during pregnancy.
§Achieved both ANC4 + and SBA.
¶Adjusted for age at first birth, level of education, autonomy in healthcare decision making, mass media consumption, household income and residence.
††Adjusted for age at first birth, level of education, employment status, parity, autonomy in healthcare decision making, mass media consumption, household incom, and residence.
ANC4+, four times antenatal care; AOR, adjusted OR; SBA, skilled birth attendant.