Care at pregnancy (ANC4+)* | P value | Care at delivery (ANC4 + and SBA)* | P value | |||
>4 visits† | <4 visits‡ | Complete § | Discontinued¶ | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
(n=13 510) | (n=1778) | (n=11 632) | (n=3651) | |||
Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
15–24 | 2402 (17.8) | 396 (22.3) | 1996 (17.2) | 800 (21.9) | ||
25–34 | 7005 (51.9) | 790 (44.4) | 6058 (52.1) | 1736 (47.5) | ||
>34 | 4103 (30.4) | 592 (33.3) | 3578 (30.8) | 1115 (30.5) | ||
Age at first birth | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
<20 | 3652 (27.0) | 755 (42.5) | 2876 (24.7) | 1530 (41.9) | ||
20–29 | 8984 (66.5) | 942 (53.0) | 7942 (68.3) | 1982 (54.3) | ||
>29 | 874 (6.5) | 81 (4.6) | 814 (7.0) | 139 (3.8) | ||
Level of education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
None | 116 (0.9) | 88 (4.9) | 72 (0.6) | 132 (3.6) | ||
Primary | 3159 (23.4) | 683 (38.4) | 2365 (20.3) | 1475 (40.4) | ||
Secondary | 7759 (57.4) | 832 (46.8) | 6866 (59.0) | 1724 (47.2) | ||
Higher | 2476 (18.3) | 175 (9.8) | 2329 (20.0) | 320 (8.8) | ||
Husband’s level of education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
None | 171 (1.3) | 84 (5.0) | 120 (1.1) | 135 (3.9) | ||
Primary | 3289 (25.0) | 603 (36.1) | 2497 (22.1) | 1395 (40.0) | ||
Secondary | 7613 (57.9) | 853 (51.0) | 6745 (59.6) | 1717 (49.3) | ||
Higher | 2067 (15.7) | 131 (7.8) | 1960 (17.3) | 237 (6.8) | ||
Employment status | 0.005 | 0.001 | ||||
Not working | 6201 (45.9) | 878 (49.5) | 5296 (45.6) | 1781 (48.8) | ||
Working | 7299 (54.1) | 897 (50.5) | 6326 (54.4) | 1867 (51.2) | ||
Husband’s employment status | <0.001 | 0.007 | ||||
Not working | 94 (0.7) | 26 (1.6) | 79 (0.7) | 41 (1.2) | ||
Working | 12 909 (99.3) | 1636 (98.4) | 11 111 (99.3) | 3429 (98.8) | ||
Parity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
5 or more | 645 (4.8) | 275 (15.5) | 480 (4.1) | 440 (12.1) | ||
3–4 | 3699 (27.4) | 570 (32.1) | 3129 (26.9) | 1140 (31.2) | ||
1–2 | 9166 (67.8) | 933 (52.5) | 8023 (69.0) | 2071 (56.7) | ||
Autonomy in healthcare decision-making | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
No | 7321 (55.8) | 1022 (61.2) | 6260 (55.3) | 2080 (59.7) | ||
Yes | 5809 (44.2) | 648 (38.8) | 5053 (44.7) | 1402 (40.3) | ||
Mass media consumption | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Not at all | 413 (3.1) | 181 (10.2) | 278 (2.4) | 316 (8.7) | ||
Any one | 5572 (41.2) | 805 (45.3) | 4626 (39.8) | 1750 (47.9) | ||
Any two | 3784 (28.0) | 407 (22.9) | 3322 (28.6) | 868 (23.8) | ||
All three | 3741 (27.7) | 385 (21.7) | 3406 (29.3) | 717 (19.6) | ||
Household income | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Q1 (poorest) | 3144 (23.3) | 893 (50.2) | 2190 (18.8) | 1845 (50.5) | ||
Q2 | 2661 (19.7) | 361 (20.3) | 2237 (19.2) | 785 (21.5) | ||
Q3 | 2628 (19.5) | 255 (14.3) | 2387 (20.5) | 495 (13.6) | ||
Q4 | 2588 (19.2) | 166 (9.3) | 2422 (20.8) | 332 (9.1) | ||
Q5 (richest) | 2489 (18.4) | 103 (5.8) | 2396 (20.6) | 194 (5.3) | ||
Distance from health facilities | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Unfavourable | 1441 (10.7) | 362 (20.4) | 1121 (9.6) | 681 (18.7) | ||
Favourable | 12 059 (89.3) | 1415 (79.6) | 10 503 (90.3) | 2967 (81.3) | ||
Residence | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Urban | 6938 (51.4) | 610 (34.3) | 6434 (55.3) | 1113 (30.5) | ||
Rural | 6572 (48.6) | 1168 (65.7) | 5198 (44.7) | 2538 (69.5) |
*χ2 test was used to measure p value.
†Had at least four ANC visits during pregnancy.
‡Less than four ANC visits during pregnancy.
§Achieved both ANC4 +and SBA.
¶Only used ANC visits during pregnancy and was not attended by SBA during childbirth.
ANC, antenatal care; SBA, skilled birth attendant.