Table 1

Clinic and prescriber characteristics of intervention and control sites*

Intervention siteControl site
Number of physicians96
Board certified in family medicine95†
Number of physician assistants21
Services providedPreventive and acute care
Behavioural health
Nutrition services
Onsite laboratories
Preventive and acute care
Behavioural health
Nutrition services
Onsite laboratories
UTI antibiotics per 1000 office visits20.430.4
  • *Intervention and control sites are non-teaching clinics in a single academic medical centre; no clinical pharmacist in either clinic.

  • †One physician was board certified in internal medicine.

  • UTI, urinary tract infection.