Characteristic | Category | Awareness,* % (95% CI) | Intentions and behaviours, % (95% CI) | ||||
Cessation counselling programmes (n=3244) | Nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine gum or spray) (n=5441) | Prescription medication (eg, Chantix) (n=4503) | Quit intentions† (n=4665) | Intention to use cessation aids‡ (n=3534) | Past quit attempt§ (n=4309) | ||
Total | Overall | 50.8 (48.1 to 53.6) | 92.1 (90.5 to 93.6) | 68.2 (65.2 to 70.6) | 83.7 (81.2 to 86.2) | 66.7 (64.2 to 68.9) | 74.6 (72.2 to 76.7) |
Race/ethnicity | Black Africans | 41.6 (36.6 to 46.2) | 87.5 (84.3 to 90.1) | 55.5 (50.9 to 60.6) | 86.2 (82.4 to 90.1) | 72.8 (68.8 to 76.2) | 72.9 (68.9 to 77.6) |
Coloured | 54.5 (48.9 to 58.3) | 96.6 (94.1 to 98.0) | 73.3 (68.9 to 76.3) | 79.5 (75.1 to 82.9) | 53.9 (49.2 to 58.9) | 72.2 (68.5 to 75.6) | |
Indian/Asian | 55.1 (51.7 to 59.9) | 96.6 (93.8 to 98.5) | 77.4 (73.2 to 81.8) | 78.8 (76.2 to 81.9) | 55.5 (49.5 to 59.3) | 75.0 (71.4 to 79.3) | |
Other | 55.3 (49.5 to 63.1) | 96.7 (94.2 to 99.3) | 80.3 (74.9 to 87.5) | 81.6 (75.4 to 86.9) | 54.7 (46.2 to 62.0) | 71.1 (64.1 to 77.1) | |
White group | 67.0 (65.3 to 68.8) | 98.8 (98.4 to 99.3) | 90.0 (89.0 to 91.2) | 81.1 (79.2 to 82.6) | 60.9 (59.0 to 63.1) | 79.0 (77.7 to 80.3) | |
Gender | Women | 53.6 (50.3 to 57.9) | 94.8 (93.2 to 96.2) | 72.8 (68.6 to 76.4) | 84.6 (81.8 to 86.8) | 65.0 (61.0 to 67.8) | 74.9 (71.7 to 78.0) |
Men | 48.7 (45.4 to 52.4) | 90.1 (87.2 to 92.3) | 64.8 (61.2 to 68.0) | 82.9 (80.5 to 85.9) | 67.9 (64.1 to 70.7) | 74.3 (70.6 to 77.0) | |
Age group (years) | 18–25 | 39.3 (30.8 to 48.5) | 86.8 (81.0 to 92.0) | 49.5 (40.7 to 58.3) | 81.0 (73.2 to 87.3) | 71.1 (62.7 to 76.7) | 67.4 (61.1 to 76.5) |
26–35 | 43.5 (41.1 to 46.0) | 92.9 (91.4 to 94.4) | 68.6 (66.4 to 71.3) | 87.0 (85.4 to 88.6) | 67.1 (64.6 to 69.7) | 72.9 (70.2 to 75.6) | |
36–45 | 56.6 (52.5 to 60.7) | 96.3 (94.2 to 97.8) | 73.2 (70.1 to 77.2) | 84.2 (81.8 to 86.5) | 67.0 (62.0 to 70.8) | 80.8 (77.7 to 83.8) | |
46–55 | 62.9 (56.0 to 69.6) | 94.0 (89.2 to 97.2) | 76.4 (69.1 to 84.4) | 81.7 (75.4 to 86.6) | 69.8 (63.1 to 74.9) | 74.7 (68.1 to 82.4) | |
56–65 | 66.0 (54.5 to 76.6) | 87.3 (76.4 to 94.5) | 83.9 (73.1 to 91.4) | 81.3 (73.8 to 88.5) | 52.4 (38.2 to 65.5) | 80.6 (68.2 to 89.0) | |
66+ | 82.4 (69.2 to 91.3) | 97.4 (90.8 to 100) | 89.3 (77.3 to 95.8) | 73.4 (56.8 to 89.8) | 35.0 (20.0 to 55.6) | 82.4 (70.7 to 92.5) | |
Monthly personal income (ZAR)¶ | None | 36.9 (26.4 to 52.2) | 82.7 (72.6 to 91.5) | 54.4 (41.5 to 67.4) | 84.7 (73.8 to 92.9) | 80.6 (72.8 to 86.6) | 70.3 (57.8 to 82.3) |
≤10 000 | 39.0 (31.8 to 46.8) | 87.3 (82.7 to 91.1) | 51.5 (43.5 to 60.4) | 83.6 (77.1 to 89.9) | 69.0 (60.6 to 76.7) | 69.6 (62.4 to 77.6) | |
≤20 000 | 49.9 (45.7 to 54.4) | 96.5 (93.8 to 98.1) | 71.2 (66.8 to 74.4) | 84.3 (81.3 to 87.0) | 66.9 (63.1 to 70.6) | 73.4 (69.4 to 76.9) | |
≤30 000 | 56.9 (50.5 to 62.8) | 92.0 (86.7 to 95.6) | 76.3 (70.3 to 81.1) | 86.8 (83.7 to 90.5) | 62.8 (57.3 to 68.3) | 74.8 (69.2 to 79.8) | |
≤50 000 | 63.7 (56.5 to 71.0) | 95.4 (89.9 to 98.4) | 80.2 (73.0 to 86.7) | 84.1 (80.4 to 87.2) | 68.3 (62.3 to 75.0) | 81.5 (76.9 to 84.5) | |
>50 000 | 52.5 (47.3 to 57.8) | 93.5 (91.6 to 95.3) | 68.3 (64.5 to 72.1) | 83.7 (79.9 to 86.2) | 62.4 (58.3 to 67.1) | 78.5 (76.2 to 81.6) | |
Undisclosed | 62.6 (53.1 to 71.9) | 91.4 (82.9 to 98.7) | 81.2 (75.2 to 87.1) | 69.6 (56.1 to 84.5) | 55.4 (46.8 to 60.5) | 68.9 (56.3 to 81.2) | |
Self-rated health status | Very good | 56.7 (49.5 to 64.4) | 89.1 (83.0 to 95.3) | 72.2 (66.6 to 79.2) | 80.2 (74.0 to 86.0) | 63.2 (56.2 to 71.2) | 65.6 (57.8 to 73.5) |
Good | 54.3 (51.0 to 57.7) | 94.7 (93.3 to 96.1) | 75.0 (72.5 to 77.3) | 83.9 (80.6 to 86.3) | 60.7 (57.3 to 64.3) | 71.4 (68.6 to 74.6) | |
Moderate | 48.9 (45.1 to 53.4) | 89.9 (87.0 to 93.2) | 65.9 (61.2 to 70.4) | 84.7 (81.7 to 87.4) | 70.3 (67.2 to 73.4) | 76.2 (72.6 to 79.7) | |
Bad | 46.2 (38.5 to 56.7) | 92.8 (88.3 to 96.2) | 61.8 (50.8 to 69.3) | 85.3 (79.3 to 90.2) | 70.7 (62.4 to 78.2) | 81.8 (76.4 to 88.2) | |
Very bad | 44.6 (21.9 to 65.5) | 97.0 (91.9 to 99.3) | 46.1 (31.7 to 65.0) | 68.2 (46.5 to 88.8) | 70.9 (49.2 to 87.6) | 74.2 (51.7 to 89.6) | |
Nicotine dependence** | Mild | 50.5 (46.1 to 55.2) | 92.2 (89.4 to 94.3) | 66.9 (62.7 to 71.6) | 83.6 (80.6 to 86.6) | 69.3 (65.2 to 73.6) | 74.1 (69.8 to 77.6) |
Moderate | 50.5 (47.4 to 54.1) | 92.3 (89.3 to 94.2) | 69.0 (65.7 to 72.1) | 83.9 (81.0 to 86.4) | 64.5 (61.8 to 66.5) | 74.9 (71.3 to 77.8) | |
Heavy | 64.9 (52.3 to 78.4) | 85.8 (74.7 to 97.6) | 76.0 (63.7 to 88.1) | 78.2 (67.1 to 89.2) | 68.7 (59.4 to 77.0) | 75.0 (62.3 to 84.8) |
*Smokers’ experience with each of the assessed cessation aids was categorised as ‘never heard of”; ‘heard of, never used’; ‘use rarely/once off’; ‘use regularly’; ‘used but stopped’. Any response other than ‘never heard of’ was classified as a positive indication of awareness.
†Assessed among all current smokers of any combustible tobacco product. Smokers were classified as having no quit intention if they indicated: ‘I’ve never tried to quit and don’t want to’ or ‘I’ve tried before and failed, so why try again?’
‡Assessed among those with an intention to quit. Intention to use a cessation aid was defined as interest in using any behavioural, clinical, social or web resource (‘my doctor’; ‘my pharmacist’, ‘the internet’; ’someone I knew who had successfully quit smoking’; ‘family/friends’). The numerator excludes individuals who wanted to quit cold turkey.
§Assessed among all current smokers of any combustible tobacco product. The numerator comprised smokers who had made at least one quit attempt in their lifetime.
¶Each income category not inclusive of previous grouping (ie, mutually exclusive).
**Nicotine dependence was assessed with the Heaviness of Smoking Index which was calculated using a 6-point scale from the number of cigarettes smoked per day: 10 or fewer cigarettes (0 points); 11–20 cigarettes (1 point); 21–30 cigarettes (2 points) and 31 or more cigarettes (3 points); and the time to first cigarette after waking: within 5 min (three points); 6–30 min (2 points); 31–60 min (1 point) and after 60 min (0 points). Using both indexes, the scale was scored as follows: 0–2: low addiction; 3–4: moderate addiction; 5–6: high addiction.
ZAR, South African rand.