Characteristics associated with holding a PhD degree among family and community physicians in Brazil, 2018
| Characteristics | Frequency | Raw model | Adjusted model | |||
| N | % | OR | 95% UI | OR | 95% UI | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 70 | 2.0 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| Male | 96 | 3.8 | 1.96 | 1.45–2.69 | 1.86 | 1.35–2.59 |
| Mode and year of specialisation* | ||||||
| Certification, 2014–2018 | 15 | 2.1 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| Certification, 2009–2013 | 7 | 0.9 | 0.46 | 0.22–0.93 | 0.48 | 0.22–0.96 |
| Certification, 2004–2008 | 36 | 4.5 | 2.33 | 1.46–3.96 | 2.40 | 1.45–4.11 |
| Certification, 1999–2003 | 5 | 19.2 | 10.99 | 4.10–26.10 | 13.56 | 4.99–33.60 |
| Residency, 2014–2018 | 3 | 0.2 | 0.13 | 0.05–0.28 | 0.14 | 0.06–0.31 |
| Residency, 2009–2013 | 13 | 1.7 | 0.79 | 0.41–1.52 | 0.90 | 0.47–1.68 |
| Residency, 2004–2008 | 29 | 5.1 | 2.62 | 1.56–4.50 | 2.75 | 1.63–4.83 |
| Residency, 1999–2003 | 23 | 6.7 | 3.47 | 2.01–6.27 | 3.89 | 2.24–6.94 |
| Residency, 1981–1998 | 39 | 6.9 | 3.64 | 2.22–6.29 | 3.85 | 2.31–6.78 |
| Region of specialisation | ||||||
| North | 2 | 0.6 | 0.23 | 0.05–0.73 | 0.46 | 0.08–1.57 |
| Northeast | 16 | 1.9 | 0.72 | 0.41–1.22 | 0.71 | 0.40–1.18 |
| Southeast | 74 | 2.6 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| South | 71 | 3.7 | 1.40 | 1.01–1.97 | 0.76 | 0.53–1.09 |
| Central-West | 5 | 1.6 | 0.57 | 0.21–1.26 | 0.72 | 0.24–1.66 |
| Mode of master’s degree | ||||||
| Academic | 135 | 24.3 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| Professional | 5 | 2.6 | 0.08 | 0.03–0.19 | 0.15 | 0.05–0.39 |
| Year of master’s degree | ||||||
| 2014–2018 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.02 |
| 2009–2013 | 48 | 19.8 | 0.20 | 0.10–0.37 | 0.23 | 0.10–0.50 |
| 2004–2008 | 36 | 31.6 | 0.37 | 0.18–0.74 | 0.38 | 0.17–0.86 |
| 1999–2003 | 28 | 44.4 | 0.65 | 0.30–1.35 | 0.68 | 0.30–1.57 |
| 1979–1998 | 28 | 58.3 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| Region of master’s degree | ||||||
| North | 0 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 0.00–0.46 | 0.08 | 0.00–1.12 |
| Northeast | 20 | 19.2 | 1.02 | 0.58–1.79 | 1.09 | 0.42–2.65 |
| Southeast | 63 | 18.9 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| South | 44 | 20.8 | 1.13 | 0.74–1.76 | 0.62 | 0.25–1.50 |
| Central-West | 3 | 8.8 | 0.41 | 0.10–1.23 | 0.47 | 0.08–2.24 |
| International | 10 | 25.0 | 1.41 | 0.64–2.95 | 0.57 | 0.20–1.47 |
| Knowledge area of master’s degree† | ||||||
| Medicine | 42 | 24.7 | 1 | (reference) | 1 | (reference) |
| Collective health | 68 | 19.4 | 0.75 | 0.48–1.18 | 0.72 | 0.40–1.26 |
| Other | 30 | 13.3 | 0.47 | 0.28–0.80 | 0.41 | 0.21–0.78 |
| None | 30 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.01–0.03 | – | – |
* Because specialist certification in family and community medicine began in 2003, few physicians were certified in 1999–2003, and none were certified before 1999.
†Category ‘none’ (no master’s degree) was excluded from the multivariable regression model.
UI, uncertainty interval.