Table 1

Characteristics of included studies

StudyPublication dateSample size (n)Study designStudy populationAge*
(years）		Follow-upOutcomes reportedQuality score
Zhaoet al 6 March 3101Retrospective.Patients with COVID-19 in Radiology Quality Control Center, Hunan.21–50NA①7
Xiong et al 7 March 342Retrospective.Patients with COVID-19 in Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.26–7511 January–15 February①②7
Zhou et al 8 March 11191Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital.56.0December 2019–31 January 2020①②7
Li et al 13 February2354Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Fourth Hospital.51.5January–February①②7
Xiao et al 14 February 27143Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital.45.1±1.023 January–8 February①②6
Sun et al 15 February 2488Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Tianjin Haihe Hospital.48.5±15.721 January–8 February 8①7
Xu et al 16 February 2545Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine.54.58±1722 January–5 February①7
Lu et al 17 February 1050Retrospective, single centre.NA.50.4±16.8NA①②6
Wang et al 18 February 2552Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University.44±149 January–3 February①6
Liao et al 19 February 2642Retrospective, single-centre cohort.Patients with COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.51.616 January–18 February②6
Yu et al 20 February 2640Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou Sixth People′s Hospital.45.917 January–28 January①6
Liu et al 21 February 1841Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Xiaochang First People's Hospital.48.45NA②6
Cheng and Li22 February 1954Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in The Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology.60.1±171 January–31 January①②7
Yang et al 23  March 357Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Nanjing Public Health Medical Centre.37NA①②7
Xiang et al 24  March 249Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in The First Affiliated of Nanjing University.42.921 January–27 January①6
Ma et al 25 March 1075Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from four hospitals in Fuyang City.43.9±15.120 January–18 February②7
Xue et al 26  March 1066Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.46.0±15.6NA①6
Gong et al 27  March 9225Retrospective, single centrePatients with COVID-19 in Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital.0–8220 January–16 February①7
Ran et al 28  March 6209Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from four hospitals in Fuyang City.46.5±15.725 January–10 February①7
Yuan et al 29 March 6223Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing Public Medical Center.46.5±16.124 January–23 February①②6
Shi et al 30 March 567Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.36±53.7January–February①7
Xiong et al 31 March 389Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.53±16.917 January–20 February①6
Chen et al 32 March 13139Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital.15–79January–February①6
Fang et al 33 Machr 12308Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Hubei Huangshi Chinese Medicine Hospital.30–8625 January–20 February①7
Zhou et al 34 March 13537Retrospective, multicentre.All cases of COVID-19 in Shandong Province.26–86December 2019–15 February 2020①②7
Li et al 35 March 12524Retrospective, multicentre.COVID-19 patients from hospitals in Henan Province.452 January–20 February①8
Song et al 36 March 1260Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 in Gansu Provincial Designated Hospital.39.5±17.721 January–22 February①7
Cheng et al 37 Mar 12463Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital15–90December 2019–6 February 2020①②6
Chen et al 38 March 1076Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology.59.5January–February①②6
Cheng et al 39 March 21079Retrospective, multicentre.All cases of COVID-19 in Henan Province.46December 2019–29 February 2020①7
Han et al 40 March 16150Retrospective.Patients with COVID-19 from two hospitals in Wuhan.53±1412 January–16 February①②6
Xu et al 41 March 1662Retrospective, single centre.Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.62.98 January–14 February①6
 Dong et al 42 March 13135Retrospective, multicentre.All reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin.48.6±16.8December 2019–24 February 2020①7
Sun et al 43 March 15391Retrospective.COVID-19 cases reported in Zhejiang province.NANA①7
Li et al 44 February 2983Retrospective.Patients with COVID-19 in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University45.5±12.3January–February①②7
Wu et al 45 February 2180Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 from three tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu.46.122 January–14 February①②7
Xu et al 46 February 2890Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital.502 3January–4 February①②6
Xu et al 47 February 2550Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital.NA1 January–2 February①②6
Yang et al 48 February 26149Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from three tertiary hospitals in Wenzhou.45.1±13.417 January–10 February①②7
Xu et al 49 February 1962Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from seven hospitals in Zhejiang Province.4110 January–26 January①②6
Zhang et al 50 February 23140Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in No.7 Hospital in Wuhan.57.016 January–3 February①②6
Wang et al 51 February 8138Retrospective, single-centre case series.Patients with COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.56 (42–68）1 January–28 January①②6
Liu et al 52 February 18137Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from nine tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province.55±1630 December 2019–24 January 2020①②6
Huang et al 53 February 1541Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Hubei Province.49 (41–58)December 2019–2 January 2020①②6
Chen et al 54 February 1599Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital.55.5±13.11 January–20 January①②6
Guan et al 55 February 61099Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from 552 hospitals in 31 provinces.47.0NA①②8
Bernhem et al 56 February 20121Retrospective case series.Patients with COVID-19 from four hospitals in four Chinese provinces.45.318 January–2 February①8
Wu et al 57 February 2180Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from three hospitals in Chongqing.44±11January–February①②7
Shi et al 58 February 2181Retrospective, multicentre cohort.Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital and Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College.49.5–11.018 January–2 February①②7
Yang et al 59 February 2452Retrospective, single centre.Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital.59.7–13.32 December 2019–23 January 2020①6
Zhou et al 60 March 562Retrospective.Patients with COVID-19 in Huazhong University of Science and Technology.52.8–12.216 January–30 January①②6
Wang et al 61 February 2850Retrospective, multicentre.Patients with COVID-19 from four hospitals in Jilin Province.44.5±16.128 January–21 February①8
Fang et al 62 February 2579Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Anhui Provincial Hospital.45.1±16.622 January–18 February①②5
Yu et al 63 February 1740Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital.39.9±18.221 January–February①②6
Zhang et al 64 February 1942Retrospective, single centre.Patients with COVID-19 in Nanjing Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.43±16.819 January–February①②5

  • ① Clinical symptoms; ② laboratory findings.

  • *Reported variously as range or mean±SD or median, and IQR values.

  • NA, not reported.