Demographic characteristics of all participants compared with participants with knowledge of DOs and OMM
| Characteristic | All participants (n=120) | Knowledge of DOs (n=18) | Without knowledge of DOs (n=102) | P value | Knowledge of OMM (n=19) | Without knowledge of OMM (n=101) | P value |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 68 (56.67%) | 11 (61.11%) | 57 (55.88%) | 0.6363 | 10 (52.63%) | 58 (57.43%) | 0.7715 |
| Female | 52 (43.33%) | 7 (38.89%) | 45 (44.12%) | 9 (47.37%) | 43 (42.57%) | ||
| Age (y) | |||||||
| Median | 40 | 38 | 48 | 44 | 50 | ||
| 18–29 | 53 (44.17%) | 8 (44.44%) | 45 (44.12%) | 0.0441* | 8 (42.11%) | 45 (44.55%) | 0.3025 |
| 30–39 | 10 (8.33%) | 4 (22.22%) | 6 (5.88%) | 1 (5.26%) | 9 (8.91%) | ||
| 40–49 | 10 (8.33%) | 3 (16.67%) | 7 (6.86%) | 5 (26.32%) | 5 (4.95%) | ||
| 50–59 | 11 (9.17%) | 1 (5.56%) | 10 (9.80%) | 3 (15.79%) | 8 (7.92%) | ||
| 60–69 | 11 (9.17%) | 2 (11.11%) | 9 (8.82%) | 1 (5.26%) | 10 (9.90%) | ||
| 70–79 | 20 (16.67%) | 0 | 20 (19.61%) | 1 (5.26%) | 19 (18.81%) | ||
| ≥80 | 5 (4.16%) | 0 | 5 (4.90%) | 0 | 5 (4.95%) | ||
| Location of birth | |||||||
| USA | 52 (43.33%) | 8 (44.44%) | 44 (43.14%) | 0.2499 | 8 (42.11%) | 44 (43.56%) | 0.9404 |
| Other | 68 (56.67%) | 10 (66.56%) | 58 (56.86%) | 11 (57.89%) | 57 (56.44%) | ||
| China | 42 (61.76%) | 4 (40.00%) | 38 (65.52%) | 6 (54.55%) | 36 (63.16%) | ||
| Hong Kong | 11 (16.18%) | 2 (20.00%) | 9 (15.52%) | 3 (27.27%) | 8 (14.04%) | ||
| Taiwan | 4 (5.88%) | 0 | 4 (6.90%) | 1 (9.09%) | 3 (5.26%) | ||
| Other | 11 (16.18%) | 4 (40.00%) | 7 (12.07%) | 1 (9.09%) | 10 (17.54%) | ||
| Length of time in USA (years) | |||||||
| 0–5 | 1 (0.83%) | 0 | 1 (0.98%) | 0.6328 | 0 | 1 (0.99%) | 0.7269 |
| 6–10 | 6 (5.00%) | 1 (5.56%) | 5 (4.90%) | 1 (5.26%) | 5 (4.95%) | ||
| 11–15 | 7 (5.83%) | 0 | 7 (6.86%) | 0 | 7 (6.93%) | ||
| 16–20 | 25 (20.84%) | 4 (22.22%) | 21 (20.59%) | 4 (21.05%) | 21 (20.79%) | ||
| 21–25 | 30 (25.00%) | 7 (38.89%) | 23 (22.55%) | 6 (31.58%) | 24 (23.76%) | ||
| ≥26 | 51 (42.50%) | 6 (33.33%) | 45 (44.12%) | 8 (42.11%) | 43 (42.57%) | ||
| Highest level of education attained | |||||||
| Elementary | 24 (20.00%) | 0 | 24 (23.53%) | <0.001* | 2 (10.53%) | 22 (21.78%) | 0.0320* |
| High school | 34 (28.33%) | 5 (27.78) | 29 (28.43%) | 5 (26.32%) | 29 (28.71%) | ||
| College | 53 (44.17%) | 8 (44.44%) | 45 (44.12%) | 7 (36.83%) | 46 (45.55%) | ||
| Graduate School | 9 (7.50%) | 5 (27.78) | 4 (3.92%) | 5 (26.32%) | 4 (3.96%) | ||
| English proficiency | |||||||
| No proficiency | 29 (24.17%) | 1 (5.56%) | 28 (27.45%) | 0.0352* | 3 (15.79%) | 26 (25.74%) | 0.6949 |
| Yes proficiency | 91 (75.83%) | 17 (94.44%) | 74 (72.55%) | 16 (84.21%) | 75 (74.26%) | ||
| Basic | 24 (26.37%) | 5 (29.41%) | 19 (25.68%) | 5 (31.25%) | 19 (25.33%) | ||
| Conversational | 4 (4.40%) | 0 | 4 (5.41%) | 0 | 4 (5.33%) | ||
| Fluent | 63 (69.23%) | 12 (70.59%) | 51 (68.92%) | 11 (68.75%) | 42 (69.33%) | ||
| Primary language | |||||||
| English | 45 (37.50%) | 6 (33.33%) | 39 (38.24%) | 0.5046 | 6 (31.58%) | 39 (38.61%) | 0.7021 |
| Not English | 75 (62.50%) | 12 (66.67%) | 63 (61.77%) | 13 (68.42%) | 62 (61.39%) | ||
| Cantonese | 49 (65.33%) | 8 (66.67%) | 41 (65.08%) | 8 (61.54%) | 41 (66.13%) | ||
| Mandarin | 15 (20.00%) | 2 (16.67%) | 13 (20.64%) | 3 (23.08%) | 12 (19.36%) | ||
| Taishanese | 5 (6.67%) | 0 | 5 (7.94%) | 0 | 5 (8.07%) | ||
| Taiwanese | 3 (4.00%) | 1 (8.33%) | 2 (3.18%) | 1 (7.69%) | 2 (3.23%) | ||
| Other Chinese | 3 (4.00%) | 1 (8.33%) | 2 (3.18%) | 1 (7.69%) | 2 (3.23%) | ||
*Denotes statistical significance (p<0.05)
DOs, doctor of osteopathics; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine.