Table 7

Association between metabolic risk factors and cancers/precancers

Crude OR (95% CI)P valueAdjusted OR (95% CI)P value
Oral cancer
 High BP1.16 (0.62 to 2.18)0.671.32 (0.70 to 2.51)*0.39
 High RBS2.03 (0.97 to 4.23)0.062.29 (1.09 to 4.82)* 0.03‡
 Overweight/obese0.21 (0.09 to 0.49)<0.00010.20 (0.08 to 0.48)* < 0.0001‡
 Tobacco use (current use)7.06 (3.95 to 12.62)<0.00016.51 (3.63 to 11.67) < 0.0001‡
Oral potentially malignant lesions
 High BP1.24 (1.03 to 1.50)0.021.17 (0.96 to 1.44)*0.13
 High RBS1.18 (0.91 to 1.54)0.211.22 (0.93 to 1.61)*0.16
 Overweight/obese0.84 (0.70 to 1.01)0.060.92 (0.76 to 1.12)*0.39
 Tobacco use (Current use)9.92 (8.21 to 11.97)<0.00019.82 (8.13 to 11.86)* < 0.0001‡
Breast cancer
 High BP2.74 (1.60 to 4.71)<0.00012.50 (1.43 to 4.35)† < 0.0001‡
 High RBS2.28 (1.19 to 4.35)0.011.95 (1.01 to 3.76)† 0.05‡
 Overweight/obese1.54 (0.90 to 2.65)0.111.22 (0.70 to 2.13)†0.48
Cervical cancer
 High BP1.75 (0.88 to 3.51)0.111.72 (0.85 to 3.50)†0.13
 High RBS1.03 (0.36 to 2.93)0.960.94 (0.33 to 2.70)†0.91
 Overweight/obese1.22 (0.62 to 2.40)0.561.12 (0.56 to 2.23)†0.76
Cervical precancer
 High BP1.03 (0.46 to 2.32)0.950.96 (0.42 to 2.19)†0.92
 High RBS1.19 (0.41 to 3.41)0.750.91 (0.27 to 3.04)†0.82
 Overweight/obese1.36 (0.67 to 2.82)0.381.13 (0.39 to 3.28)†0.40
  • *Adjusted for age and sex.

  • †Adjusted for age.

  • ‡Values in bold are statistically significant p<0.05

  • BP, blood pressure; RBS, random blood sugar.