Table 3

Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) for factors associated with various vaccine dispositions among unvaccinated US adults, Household Pulse Survey, 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022

Indicator	Categories	Vaccine averse (n=11 504)		Vaccine unsure (n=7480)		Vaccine accepting (n=2553)
Indicator	Categories	APR (95% CI)	P value	APR (95% CI)	P value	APR (95% CI)	P value
Symptoms of mental illness	Absent (reference)
Symptoms of mental illness	Present	0.82 (0.77 to 0.87)	<0.001	1.18 (1.08 to 1.30)	0.001	1.53 (1.25 to 1.87)	<0.001
Disability	Absent (reference)
Disability	Present	0.95 (0.90 to 1.01)	0.131	1.10 (1.01 to 1.21)	0.033	0.96 (0.81 to 1.14)	0.647
Gender	Male (cisgender) (reference)
	Female (cisgender)	0.93 (0.88 to 0.98)	0.011	1.19 (1.09 to 1.29)	<0.001	0.84 (0.72 to 0.99)	0.039
	Transgender	1.20 (0.85 to 1.67)	0.299	0.44 (0.20 to 0.93)	0.032	1.55 (0.73 to 3.29)	0.257
	Other gender not specified	1.25 (1.05 to 1.49)	0.011	0.79 (0.50 to 1.25)	0.318	0.63 (0.36 to 1.11)	0.112
Education	Less than high school (reference)
	High school graduate	1.07 (0.93 to 1.22)	0.343	1.00 (0.83 to 1.19)	0.961	0.81 (0.63 to 1.04)	0.102
	Some college, no degree	1.08 (0.95 to 1.24)	0.253	0.99 (0.83 to 1.19)	0.936	0.78 (0.61 to 1.02)	0.066
	Associate degree	1.20 (1.04 to 1.38)	0.012	0.91 (0.75 to 1.10)	0.334	0.60 (0.43 to 0.82)	0.001
	College degree	1.04 (0.91 to 1.20)	0.555	1.06 (0.87 to 1.28)	0.576	0.76 (0.56 to 1.02)	0.064
	Doctoral/professional/master’s degree	1.17 (1.02 to 1.35)	0.024	0.84 (0.68 to 1.03)	0.098	0.79 (0.58 to 1.09)	0.148
Health insurance coverage	Uninsured (reference)
	Private	1.03 (0.93 to 1.13)	0.58	0.93 (0.81 to 1.06)	0.284	1.08 (0.84 to 1.39)	0.535
	Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain disabilities	1.01 (0.88 to 1.16)	0.895	0.87 (0.69 to 1.09)	0.222	1.34 (0.90 to 2.00)	0.148
	Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government assistance plan for those with low income or a disability	0.98 (0.88 to 1.10)	0.752	1.04 (0.90 to 1.20)	0.587	0.93 (0.72 to 1.19)	0.542
	Veterans Affairs/Tricare	1.22 (1.01 to 1.47)	0.043	0.78 (0.53 to 1.14)	0.199	0.67 (0.33 to 1.37)	0.269
	Other insurance	0.99 (0.81 to 1.21)	0.928	1.04 (0.77 to 1.41)	0.791	0.97 (0.55 to 1.71)	0.922
	Unknown	1.02 (0.76 to 1.38)	0.891	0.55 (0.33 to 0.91)	0.02	1.94 (1.24 to 3.04)	0.004
Annual household income	Less than 25 000 (reference)
	25 000–49 999	0.98 (0.89 to 1.08)	0.688	1.01 (0.90 to 1.14)	0.804	1.07 (0.87 to 1.31)	0.54
	50 000–99 999	1.01 (0.91 to 1.11)	0.893	1.03 (0.90 to 1.18)	0.697	0.94 (0.73 to 1.22)	0.646
	100 000–199 999	1.02 (0.91 to 1.14)	0.768	1.12 (0.94 to 1.32)	0.201	0.58 (0.40 to 0.84)	0.004
	≥200 000	1.15 (1.01 to 1.30)	0.035	0.89 (0.69 to 1.14)	0.364	0.45 (0.26 to 0.77)	0.004
	Unknown income	1.02 (0.89 to 1.16)	0.812	0.85 (0.69 to 1.03)	0.098	1.36 (1.01 to 1.83)	0.042
US Census region	Northeast (reference)
	South	0.96 (0.87 to 1.05)	0.345	1.08 (0.94 to 1.25)	0.282	0.93 (0.72 to 1.21)	0.608
	Midwest	0.93 (0.85 to 1.03)	0.151	1.08 (0.93 to 1.25)	0.324	1.07 (0.82 to 1.40)	0.628
	West	0.97 (0.88 to 1.07)	0.545	0.98 (0.84 to 1.15)	0.832	1.13 (0.85 to 1.51)	0.388
Race/ethnicity	White, non-Hispanic (reference)
	Hispanic	0.68 (0.61 to 0.77)	<0.001	1.15 (1.00 to 1.31)	0.044	2.24 (1.83 to 2.74)	<0.001
	Black, non-Hispanic	0.65 (0.56 to 0.74)	<0.001	1.16 (1.03 to 1.32)	0.016	2.30 (1.85 to 2.86)	<0.001
	Asian, non-Hispanic	0.81 (0.60 to 1.08)	0.148	1.16 (0.80 to 1.67)	0.435	1.72 (1.07 to 2.78)	0.026
	Other, non-Hispanic	0.92 (0.83 to 1.02)	0.12	1.06 (0.91 to 1.23)	0.466	1.20 (0.86 to 1.68)	0.291
Number of people living with respondent	None (ie, lives alone) (reference)
	One	1.05 (0.97 to 1.14)	0.25	0.94 (0.84 to 1.06)	0.335	0.91 (0.73 to 1.12)	0.368
	Two	1.10 (1.00 to 1.20)	0.044	0.86 (0.76 to 0.98)	0.02	0.99 (0.78 to 1.25)	0.918
	Three	1.04 (0.95 to 1.15)	0.395	0.94 (0.81 to 1.08)	0.355	0.97 (0.75 to 1.25)	0.813
	Four or more	1.10 (1.00 to 1.21)	0.048	0.88 (0.77 to 1.01)	0.062	0.92 (0.72 to 1.18)	0.508
Age (years)	18–24 (reference)
	25–44	1.19 (1.03 to 1.36)	0.015	0.87 (0.75 to 1.01)	0.063	0.88 (0.68 to 1.15)	0.367
	45–64	1.26 (1.10 to 1.45)	0.001	0.82 (0.70 to 0.96)	0.012	0.82 (0.62 to 1.08)	0.154
	65 or older	1.40 (1.19 to 1.64)	<0.001	0.68 (0.55 to 0.85)	0.001	0.79 (0.55 to 1.14)	0.211
Type of dwelling	Multiunit apartment (reference)
	Mobile housing	1.23 (1.09 to 1.38)	0.001	0.85 (0.72 to 0.99)	0.039	0.80 (0.60 to 1.08)	0.145
	A one-family house detached from any other house	1.15 (1.04 to 1.26)	0.004	0.90 (0.81 to 1.00)	0.045	0.88 (0.72 to 1.08)	0.219
	A one-family house attached to one or more houses	1.13 (0.96 to 1.33)	0.129	0.94 (0.76 to 1.15)	0.522	0.88 (0.65 to 1.20)	0.42
	Unknown housing	1.05 (0.84 to 1.32)	0.665	1.08 (0.81 to 1.43)	0.613	0.84 (0.53 to 1.33)	0.453
Work setting	Not working currently (reference)
	Government	1.08 (0.96 to 1.22)	0.174	1.04 (0.87 to 1.24)	0.664	0.75 (0.51 to 1.08)	0.124
	Private company	1.09 (1.01 to 1.17)	0.018	1.00 (0.91 to 1.10)	0.997	0.74 (0.61 to 0.91)	0.003
	Non-profit organisation including tax-exempt and charitable organisations	1.04 (0.90 to 1.21)	0.564	1.03 (0.84 to 1.25)	0.797	0.88 (0.58 to 1.33)	0.535
	Self-employed	1.11 (1.02 to 1.22)	0.019	0.97 (0.84 to 1.12)	0.656	0.69 (0.51 to 0.94)	0.019
	Working in family business	1.19 (0.95 to 1.50)	0.135	0.85 (0.62 to 1.18)	0.335	0.77 (0.31 to 1.90)	0.568
Ever diagnosed of COVID-19	No (reference)
	Yes	0.95 (0.90 to 1.01)	0.103	1.02 (0.94 to 1.11)	0.611	1.13 (0.96 to 1.32)	0.133
	Not sure	1.19 (0.97 to 1.45)	0.091	0.85 (0.59 to 1.23)	0.382	0.61 (0.33 to 1.15)	0.125
	Not answered	0.87 (0.39 to 1.90)	0.718	1.27 (0.60 to 2.69)	0.535	0.73 (0.18 to 2.86)	0.649

APRs adjusted for all factors listed in the table.